Tank terminal related to the industry is involving for
storing oil and or petrochemical products and from which these products are
generally transported to end customers or in addition storage centers. A tank terminal normally has tankage, above
either ground or underground, and gantries (framework) for the discharge of
products into street tankers or different vehicles or pipelines. Oil depots are
generally located near to oil refineries or in locations wherein marine tankers
containing products can discharge their shipment. A few depots are connected to
pipelines from which they draw their resources and depots also can be fed
through rail, through barge and by using road tankers. Maximum oil tank
terminals or oil depots have street tankers running from their grounds and
these automobiles shipping products to petrol stations or different customers.
An oil depot is a relatively unsophisticated facility in that there is no
processing or different transformation on site. The products, which attain the
depot (from a refinery), are in their very last form appropriate for transport
to customers. In some instances, components may be injected into products in
tanks; however, there is generally no production plant on site. At present tank
terminals contain identical varieties of tankage, pipelines, and gantries as
those in the past and although there is an extra diploma of automation on site,
there have been few large adjustments in depot operational activities through
the years. One of the key imperatives issues are health, safety, and
environment (HSE) and the operators of a depot ought to ensure that products
are competently stored and handled. It is an important fact that any leakages
must not accept which may damage the soil or the water desk. Crude oil, edible
oil, and petrochemical product terminals usually employ above ground piping
structures, consisting of pipelines, hoses/loading arms, valves,
instrumentation connections, meters, and pumps. Terminals concerning taker
ships have wonderful loading and unloading concerns and equipment. Terminal
operations especially consist of loading/unloading the products from supply
links (e.g. vessels, pipelines, rail, and truck tankers) to storage tanks and
onward to distribution links, generally rail and truck tankers. Concerned
authorities always clean and inspect the oil tankers consistently.
Demand for edible oil is set to increase in the coming decade with demand from developing countries set to surpass that of developed ones. Particular mention has been made about the economies of China, India, and Bangladesh, where edible oil is a basic commodity with growing demand.
According to a recent FAO report, global oilseed production is expected to grow by 23% by 2020 with the US remaining as the main producer, followed by Brazil, China, Argentina, India, etc. Total production is expected to be within 505 million metric tons (M MT). Global vegetable oil production is set to reach 186 M MT within 2020 with output growth of 30%. Malaysia and Indonesia will jointly constitute 45% of raw material sourced, while the majority of the rest will be catered by China, Argentina, and Brazil. Bangladesh mostly imports raw materials from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brazil. A look into the import level indicates a fall in 2008, followed by increasing imports in the following years.
The demand for edible oil in the domestic market is influenced by several factors. Edible oil like soybean is a crucial part of the local cuisine, over that, changes in the income band, rural to urban migration, awareness towards health-conscious lifestyle, and socio-economic conditions also, play a vital role in shaping the demand for the edible oil. As per industry estimates, there are at present 80 registered edible oil refineries with an annual refining capacity of 2.90 million MT, with the market being dominated by top 9 major players which cumulatively account for 75% of the refining capacity which is 2.17 million MT. The major players operating at an average capacity utilization of 50% with larger participants operating at the capacity of 65-70%.
Palm oil is the dominating edible oil market since 2003. In 2012, palm oil occupied about 64 percent market share among the three major edible oils. Palm oil is imported both in crude and refined forms. Crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm olein (CPL) are refined in local refineries for marketing the refined products. Imported refined palm oil and refined palm olein are used by vanaspati manufacturers and food processing industries. Its import and consumption quantity has now exceeded one million tons, which is likely to grow further to 1.5 million tons in the near future. Malaysia and Indonesia are the two major supply sources of palm oil for the Bangladesh market. During January-August 2013, the total import of palm oil was 875,809 tons of which 357,228 tons or about 41 percent was Malaysian palm oil (MPO) and 518,581 tons or about 59 percent was Indonesian palm oil. The import quantity of Malaysian palm oil during the January-August period of 2013 was higher by 95.62 percent compared to January-August period of 2012. This increase in import of Malaysian palm oil in 2013 has been due to the active presence of MPO suppliers in Bangladesh market and shifting of supply sources from Indonesia to Malaysia by some of the Singapore-based trading houses, which are active in Bangladesh market, also contributing to increasing of Malaysian palm oil’s import share in the country in 2013.’
The existing annual demand for petroleum products in the country is 3,300,000 tons. The total storage capacity of petroleum products inside the country is 687,500 tons, of which the storage capability at eastern Refinery limited is 365,000 tons. In the primary installations of 3 oil-marketing companies of ERL in Chattogram (Padma Oil company Ltd, Jamuna Oil company Ltd, Meghna Petroleum Ltd) total storage capability is 205,600 tons. 82% of total petroleum products are transported through the river (coastal tanker), 6% by Railway (Tank wagon or container wagon), 10% by road (Tank lorry/truck) and 2% in the different local manner (boat, pushcart or van, and so forth). There are 72 coastal tankers (850-1,200 tons capacity each) for transportation of petroleum products from Chattogram to Godenail, Fatullah, Daulatpur, Barisal, Jhalokati, Chandpur, Ashuganj, and Bhairab depots. There are 33 shallow Draft Tankers (400-450 tons capability each) for transportation of products from Godenail or Fatullah to Baghabari, Chilmari, Balashi, and Chandpur depots. There are about 1,000 railway tank wagons (meter gauge and wide gauge). From Chattogram, products are sent to Sylhet, Sreemangal, Rangpur, and Dhaka oil depots through rail through the meter-gauge railway. From Daulatpur products are sent to Natore, Parbatipur, Harian, and Rajshahi depots through rail thru a broad-gauge railway. There are 759 filling stations, 37 customer pumps, 1,480 agents/distributors, 1273 LPG (LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM gas) dealers, and 305 Packed point dealers appointed by 3 oil-marketing companies in the country for retail trading. There are more than 6,000 tank Lorries owned by using dealers/vendors for transportation of petroleum products from oil enterprise depots to their promoting factors. Crude oil and petroleum product terminals are designed to get hold of and dispatch bulk shipments of gasoline, middle distillates, aviation fuel, lube oil, compressed natural gasoline (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and specialty merchandise from pipelines, ships, railcars, and vans. Crude oil and petroleum product terminals are frequently located at the ocean coast however can also be located inland.
Among the others, Van Omeran Tank Terminal Ltd (VOTT), Mohammad Elias Brothers (Pvt) Ltd (MEB), Karnafully Tank Terminal Ltd (KTT), and Eastern Fisheries Ltd (EFL) are mentionable. From January 2010 to June, 2011total storage quantity was 1.94 million MT out of which SETTL stored 31.2%, VOTT stored 20.9%, MEB stored 28.9%, KTT stored (14.4%) and EFL stored 4.6%.
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